LEUCADENDRON

Description

This simple-yet-fiery shrub with South African roots is a longtime favorite among designers and gardeners alike. Commonly referred to as conebush, Leucadendron is an evergreen shrub that is admired for its long vase life, low maintenance and striking foliage in vibrant tones of burgundy, red and yellow.

A member of the Proteaceae (Protea) family, the Leucadendron genus consists of over 80 species of plants, all of which are endemic to South Africa. They typically grow up to great heights, ranging from four foot tall shrubs to 30 foot tall trees, though a majority of species are of a tamer size at 30 cm tall. Their stems are covered in long and oblong, waxy-green leaves that are often flushed in red or yellow. Also, what are commonly thought of as Leucandendron “flowers” are in fact heads consisting of woody, brightly-colored bracts (which may surround a small cone or flower). Leucadendron is dioecious, meaning male and female flowers are born on separate plants. In female plants these bracts surround a cone (about 16 mm in diameter) that contains seeds, which makes an attractive accent at the stems’ tops. This seeded head is called an infructescence and will vary in form based on the genus’ subgeneric groupings.

Leucadendron cultivars and hybrids grown for the cut flower trade are used primarily as decorative cut greens—not so much as “flowers.” Their impressive stems and unique floral cones are prized by designers, especially for arrangements that need a burst of texture and volume. They also boast an incredibly long vase life, typically ranging from 14 to 25 days. By far, the most demanded Leucadendron cultivar by floral artisans worldwide is 'Safari Sunset', which is a hybrid of L. laureolum and L. salignum types. Developed in New Zealand in the 1960s, this hardy, multi-stemmed shrub features deep-red and green bracts extending from long stems (which can grow up to 243 cm), making it an excellent variety for large arrangements and seasonal displays. Today, newer hybrids in novel colors and shapes are being bred in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and California.

Leucadendron plants’ attractive foliage is a floral designer’s dream. Their leaves offer color, texture and longevity to grand floral displays and fall/winter arrangements. Pair Leucadendron with other succulents, ornamental grasses or pines for a rustic, natural look. Or, for a tropical twist, combine Leucadendron with exotic blooms in bold color palettes; you’re sure to draw some attention! It also makes an exceptional garden or landscape ornamental, as it is relatively low maintenance and can survive in harsh, drought-prone environments.

Colors: Red, green, burgundy, yellow, orange, silver

Special Care

Select long, vibrant stems with healthy, well-developed cones (in female plants) that are not tightly closed. Ensure foliage is unmarked and does not show signs of blackening or browning, which can be common in Leucadendron leaves.

When processing, strip only the foliage that falls below the water line. Recut stems about 2.5 cm at an angle (45-degrees) and hydrate them in water mixed with a floral preservative (with sugar and a biocide) for at least two hours before storage or use in floral work. Although not required, stems can be recut under running water or in a bowl of clean water. Cutting under water may reduce the risk of air pockets forming at the stems’ base and allows them to absorb water right away.

Cut stems can be stored for up to 14 days at 32–36°F (0–2°C) and a relative humidity of 90%. Avoid overcrowding stems in storage to prevent botrytis or other diseases. Also make sure to keep stems away from direct heat sources, as this can cause leaf blackening.

Fun Facts:

• The genus name is derived from the Greek words “leukos” (meaning white) and “dendron” (meaning tree). This likely refers to the subtle, silvery-white undertones that decorate the foliage of some Leucadendron species. Leucadendron plants, however, are most commonly recognized by their showy, leaf-like bracts in fiery burgundy, red, yellow and orange tones.

• Leucadendron plants are dioecious, meaning they have distinct male and female plants. In female plants, the stem’s bracts surround a central cone-like structure that contains seeds. Because of this cone, female types are typically preferred by designers.

• The 'Safari Sunset' cultivar is so beloved in the floral industry, it has been awarded with the prestigious Award of Garden Merit by the Royal Horticultural Society in the U.K.

• A native of the exotics of South Africa and Australia, several Leucadendron cultivars, such as 'Flame Tip' (yellow bracts) and 'Safari Sunset' (burgundy bracts), are named in honor of their homelands.

• Due to habitat loss in certain native regions, some Leucadendron species have been listed as endangered in the wild.

• Leucadendron plants can quite possibly be regarded as the “giants” of the shrub world. The genus includes a large group of plants that range from 122 cm shrubs to 30 foot tall trees! Specifically, the 'Silver Tree' cultivar is known for reaching these 25 to 30 foot ranges.

• Leucadendron plants are relatives of Protea, Macadamia and Banksia.

• Leucadendron can be used to convey an appreciation for life’s simplicities, or even to pay a compliment. Many also use Leucadendron in sympathy arrangements to honor a loved one.